As of January 1st, 2021. amends of the Law on Personal Income Tax (“Official Gazette of the RS”, No. 153/2020), Law on Corporate Income Tax (“Official Gazette of the RS”, No. 153/2020), Law on Value Added Tax (“Official Gazette of the RS”, No. 153/2020) come into force.
The Law on Personal Income Tax and the Law on Corporate Income Tax are amended primarily to accommodate changes brought by the new laws on digital assets and alternative investment funds which were adopted in 2020.
The Law on Value Added Tax, in addition to regulating the tax status of open and alternative investment funds, also provides new rules regarding: determining tax debtor for certain construction works, new VAT exemptions, issuing of electronic invoice, supply of used goods and registration procedures in VAT system.
Taxation of income from digital assets and investment funds
Income generated by the units of alternative investment funds are classified and taxed as revenues from yield on capital. Selling of units in alternative investment funds is classified and taxed as capital gains.
There are certain tax benefits envisioned for re-investing such capital gains in alternative investment funds. Natural person can be granted tax credit for the annual personal income tax, up to 50% of investment made in the alternative investment fund for that calendar year. At the same time, tax credit cannot be higher than 50% of the annual personal income tax determined for that year. Tax credit can only be granted based on fully paid monetary contributions which grant stocks or shares or investment units in alternative investment fund.
Following adoption of the Law on Digital assets, amends of the personal income law classify and tax income from sale of digital assets as capital gains. Purchasing price of the digital asset is considered the price which the tax debtor can document as actually paid price.
The law also regulates tax status of „providing services of computer verification of transactions in information systems for digital assets“ (so called “mining” of digital assets). Purchasing price of such asset is considered amount of expenses the tax debtor had in procuring such asset, which they can document. If such asset was already taxed as „other income“ (according to Article 85, paragraph 1, point 16 of the law on Personal Income Tax), than purchasing price is considered declared tax base on which other income tax has been paid.
The law also envisions tax exemptions in the amount of 50% of the capital gain, for tax debtor who invest such income within 90 days in share capital of the company – resident of Serbia, in accordance with the Law regulating Corporate Income Tax, or in the investment fund which has center of its business and investment activities on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, in accordance with law regulating investment funds. In case company in which this capital has been invested, within two years from the moment of investment, perform share capital reduction, tax debtor loses right to tax exemption.
Law on Corporate Income Tax, expands definition of capital gain to include within the definition of capital gain sale of investment units of closed investment funds, as well as sale of digital assets (unless tax debtor has permission to perform services related to digital assets, and who procures digital asset solely for the purpose of selling it within scope of the services they provide relating to digital assets).
Any income non-resident legal entity generates based on membership in alternative investment funds will be considered dividend. Such income will be classified and taxed as income and rules of double taxation treaties may apply.
Certain tax benefits are envisioned in case of re-investment capital gains from selling of digital assets. Capital gains from selling of digital assets will not be part of the tax base if they were invested (within same tax period) in share capital of residential tax debtor, or investment fund which has center of its business and investment activities on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, in accordance with law regulating investment funds.
Amends of the Value Added Tax
Tax debtor for value added tax in case of supply of construction goods and services will be considered receiver of the services in case of supply of goods and services over 500.000 RSD in value. For supply of goods and services bellow this threshold tax debtor is supplier. This rule does not apply for supply of goods for which advance payment was made before December 31st 2020, and which are supplied after January 1st 2021.
Amends of the law prescribe VAT exemption with right to deduct input tax, for supply of goods which are under inward processing regime, if such goods are supplied by the purchaser who would have the right to deduct input tax if such goods were purchased with VAT. VAT exemption without the right to deduct input tax is envisioned for transfer ad exchange of virtual currencies, in accordance with the law regulating virtual currencies.
Regarding electronic invoice, beginning with January 1st 2021. Tax debtor may issue electronic invoice with consent of the recipient of the invoice. Consent is not necessary when invoice in electronic form is prescribed by law as mandatory.
Tax debtors who engage professionally in supply and sale of used goods (second-hand motor vehicles, works of art, collectibles and antiques), may choose for each individual transaction, whether to apply general or special regime of taxation, that is they may opt to determine VAT base as the difference between the sale and purchase price of these goods, decreased for the VAT contained in that difference.
When registering for the VAT system, in case tax debtor does not file application within the deadline determined by the law, debtor may submit application after the deadline, but also Tax Authorities will submit application ex officio. Tax debtor has the right to deduct input VAT as of date of registration form submission. In the end, in accordance with the changes in regulation of investment funds, the amends of the Law extend the definition of tax debtor to include open ended and alternative investment fund, which are not legal entities, and are registered with competent authority in accordance with the laws regulating investment funds.
Izmene i dopune Poreskih Zakona
Od 1. Janaura 2021. godine primenjuju se izmenene i dopune Zakona o porezu na dohodak građana (Sl. glasnik RS”, br. 153/2020), Zakona o porezu na dobit pravnih lica (Sl. glasnik RS”, br. 153/2020) i Zakona o porezu na dodatu vrednost (“Sl. glasnik RS”, br. 153/2020).
Zakon o porezu na dohodak građana i Zakona o porezu na dobit pravnih lica izmenjeni su prvenstveno sa ciljem da se prilagode i usklade sa novim propisima iz oblasti digitalne imovine i alternativnih investicionih fondova.
Zakon o porezu na dodatu vrednost, osim regulisanja poreskog statusa otvorenih i alternativnih investicionih fondova obuhvata i pitanja u vezi sa: određivanjem poreskog dužnika u građevinarstvu, novim poreskim oslobođenjima, izdavanjem elektronskog računa, prometom polovnih dobara, evidentiranjem u sistem PDV-a.
Oporezivanje prihoda od digitalne imovine i alternativnih investicionih fondova
Prihod koji fizičko lice ostvari kao vlasnik jedinice alternativnog investicionog fonda oporezuje se kao prihod od kapitala, a prenos uz naknadu vlasništva na investicionoj jedinici alternativnog investicionog fonda oporezuje se u skladu sa pravilima o oporezivanju kapitalnih dobitaka.
Zakon predviđa poreske podsticaje za ulaganje u alternativne investicione fondove, pa se tako predviđa mogućnost poreskog kredita na račun godišnjeg poreza na dohodak, do 50% vrednosti izvršenog ulaganja u alternativne investicione fondove u kalendarskoj godini. Poreski kredit ne može biti veći od 50% utvrđene poreske obaveze po osnovu godišnjeg poreza na dohodak građana. Pravo na poreski kredit priznaje se samo po osnovu u potpunosti uplaćenih novčanih uloga kojima se stiču akcije ili udeli u alternativnom investicionom fondu, odnosno investicione jedinice alternativnog investicionog fonda.
Kako je krajem 2020. godine usvojen i Zakon o digitalnoj imovini, izmenema zakona o porezu na dohodak građana predviđa se, da se prodaja digitalne imovine oporezuje porezom na kapitalni dobitak. Nabavnom cenom digitalne imovine smatra se cena koju obveznik dokumentuje kao stvarno plaćenu.
Zakon reguliše i poreski tretman digitalne imovine stečene učestvovanjem u pružanju usluga računarskog potvrđivanja transakcija u informacionim sistemima koji se odnose na određenu digitalnu imovinu (tzv. rudarenje digitalne imovine). Nabavnom cenom smatra se iznos troškova koje je obveznik imao u vezi sa sticanjem predmetne digitalne imovine, a koje može da dokumentuje. Ukoliko je ovakva imovina bila predmet poreza na drugi prihod (u smislu Člana 85 stav 1. tačka 16 Zakona o porezu na dohodak građana), nabavnom cenom smatra se osnovica na koju je plaćen porez na drugi prihod.
Predviđeno je i poresko oslobođenje od 50% poreza na kapitalni dobitak, za obveznik koji novčana sredstva ostvarena prodajom digitalne imovine u roku od 90 dana od dana prodaje uloži u osnovni kapital privrednog društva rezidenta Republike u skladu sa zakonom kojim se uređuje porez na dobit pravnih lica, odnosno u kapital investicionog fonda, čiji se centar poslovnih i investicionih aktivnosti nalazi na teritoriji Republike. U slučaju da privredno društvo, u čiji osnovni kapital su investirana novčana sredstva, sprovede postupak smanjenja osnovnog kapitala u periodu od dve kalendarske godine od momenta kada je registrovano ulaganje, obveznik gubi pravo na oslobođenje.
U Zakonu o porezu na dobit pravnih lica, proširena definicija kapitalnog dobitka, tako da se smatra ostvarivanjem kapitalnog dobitka i prodaja jedinice zatvorenih investicionih fondova, kao i prodaja digitalne imovine, (osim ukoliko obveznik ima dozvolu za pružanje usluga povezanih sa digitalnom imovinom, a koji digitalnu imovinu nabavlja isključivo radi dalje prodaje u okviru obavljanja usluga povezanih sa digitalnom imovinom).
Prihod koji nerezidentno pravno lice ostvari po osnovu članstva u alternativnom investicionom fondu koji nema svojstvo pravnog lica, smatra se dividendom, pa će se obračunavati i plaćati porez na dobit po odbitku po stopi od 20% (osim ukoliko ugovorom o izbegavanju dvostrukog oporezivanja nije predviđeno drugačije rešenje).
Slično kao i za fizička lica predviđaju se određene poreske olakšice u slučaju daljeg ulaganja kapitalnih dobitaka ostvarinih od prodaje digitalne imovine. Kapitalni dobici ostvareni prodajom digitalne imovine ne ulaze u poresku osnovicu, ukoliko su novčana sredstva od te prodaje uložena u tom poreskom periodu u osnovni kapital rezidentnog obveznika, odnosno investicionog fonda čiji se centar poslovnih, odnosno investicionih aktivnosti nalazi na teritoriji Republike Srbije.
Izmene Zakona o Porezu na dodatu vrednost
Poreskim dužnikom za promet dobara i usluga u oblasti građevinarstva smatra se primalac dobara i suluga ako je vrednost prometa veća od 500.000 dinara. Za promet dobara i usluga manjih od 500.000 dinara, PDV će obračunati i iskazati obveznik PDV-a koji vršit promet. Ovo pravilo neće se primenjivati na promet doabara i usluga iz oblasti građevinarstva za koje je primljen avans pre 31.12.2020. godine, a koji će biti izvršen nakon 01.01.2021. godine.
Izmenama zakona uvodi se poresko oslobođenje sa pravom na odbitak prethodnog poreza za promet dobara koji su u postupku aktivnog oplemenjivanja, ukoliko promet vrši obveznik koji bi imao pravo na odbitak prethodnog poreza, kada bi predmetna dobra nabavljao sa obračunatim PDV-om. Poresko oslobođenje bez prava na odbitak prethodnog poreza predviđeno je za prenos virtuelnih valuta i zamena virtuelnih valuta za novčana sredstva u skladu sa zakonom kojim se uređuje digitalna imovina.
U pogledu elektronskog računa, zakon predviđa da će od 1. januara 2021. godine obveznik PDV-a, moći da izda račun kao elektronski dokument uz saglasnost primaoca. Saglasnost primaoca nije neophodna ukoliko je izdavanje računa u elektronskom obliku propisano zakonom kao obavezno.
Poreski obveznici koji u okviru svoje delatnosti i s ciljem dalje prodaje, bave prometom polovnih dobara (polovna motorna vozila, umetničkih dela, kolekcionarskih dobara i antikviteta) mogu za svaku pojedinačnu transakciju izabrati da li će primeniti opšti ili posebni postupak oporezivanja razlike, odnosno imaju mogućnost da utvrde osnovicu kao razliku između prodajne i nabavne cene ovih dobra, uz odbitak PDV koji je sadržan u toj razlici.
U pogledu evidentiranja u sistem PDV-a, zakon predviđa da obveznik koji ne podnese evidencionu prijavu u predviđenom roku, može podneti prijavu i nakon isteka roka, ali isto tako i da će poreski organ prijavu podneti po službenoj dužnosti. Obveznik ima pravo na odbitak prethodnog poreza od dana podnošenja evidencione prijave. Na kraju prateći izmene propisa iz oblasti investicionih fondova, zakon utvrđuju da se obveznikom PDV-a smatra i otvoreni investicioni fond, odnosno alternativni investicioni fond, koji nema svojstvo pravnog lica, a koji je upisan u odgovarajući registar.